22 Mordad 1404

Events

• 1868 (158 years ago) The 8.5–9.0 Mw Arica earthquake strikes southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin-wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand.
• 1940 (86 years ago) World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches an air operation, codenamed Adlertag, during the Battle of Britain in an attempt to destroy the British Royal Air Force.
• 1954 (72 years ago) Radio Pakistan broadcasts the "Qaumī Tarāna", the national anthem of Pakistan for the first time.
• 1960 (66 years ago) The Central African Republic declares independence from France.
• 1961 (65 years ago) Cold War: East Germany closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West, and construction of the Berlin Wall is started. The day is known as Barbed Wire Sunday.
• 1968 (58 years ago) Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.
• 1969 (57 years ago) The Apollo 11 astronauts enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York City. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Richard Nixon.
• 2004 (22 years ago) One hundred fifty-six Congolese Tutsi refugees are massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.

Births

• 1871 (155 years ago) Karl Liebknecht, German politician, co-founded Communist Party of Germany (died 1919)
• 1888 (138 years ago) John Logie Baird, Scottish engineer, invented the television (died 1946)
• 1899 (127 years ago) Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (died 1980)
• 1918 (108 years ago) Frederick Sanger, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)
• 1926 (100 years ago) Fidel Castro, Cuban lawyer and politician, ex-President of Cuba (died 2016)
• 1946 (80 years ago) Janet Yellen, American economist, 78th United States secretary of the treasury
• 1963 (63 years ago) Sridevi, Indian actress (died 2018)
• 1970 (56 years ago) Alan Shearer, English footballer and manager

Deaths

• 1863 (163 years ago) Eugène Delacroix, French painter and lithographer (born 1798)
• 1865 (161 years ago) Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian physician and obstetrician (born 1818)
• 1910 (116 years ago) Florence Nightingale, Italian-English nurse and theologian (born 1820)
• 1912 (114 years ago) Jules Massenet, French composer (born 1842)
• 1917 (109 years ago) Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1860)
• 1946 (80 years ago) H. G. Wells, English novelist, historian, and critic (born 1866)
• 1984 (42 years ago) Tigran Petrosian, Georgian-Armenian chess player (born 1929)
• 2004 (22 years ago) Julia Child, American chef, author, and television host (born 1912)

All 377 events, births and deaths of August 13