13 Azar 1404

Events

• 1110 (916 years ago) An army led by Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd the Crusader of Norway captures Sidon at the end of the First Crusade.
• 1917 (109 years ago) The Finnish Senate submits to the Parliament of Finland a proposal for the form of government of the Republic of Finland and issues a communication to Parliament declaring the independence of Finland.
• 1939 (87 years ago) World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940.
• 1945 (81 years ago) By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.)
• 1977 (49 years ago) Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire.
• 1982 (44 years ago) The China adopts its current constitution.
• 1991 (35 years ago) Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon.
• 1992 (34 years ago) Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Northeast Africa.

Births

• 1795 (231 years ago) Thomas Carlyle, Scottish-English historian, philosopher, and academic (died 1881)
• 1835 (191 years ago) Samuel Butler, English author and critic (died 1902)
• 1875 (151 years ago) Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian-Swiss poet and author (died 1926)
• 1892 (134 years ago) Francisco Franco, Spanish general and dictator, Prime Minister of Spain (died 1975)
• 1949 (77 years ago) Jeff Bridges, American actor
• 1969 (57 years ago) Jay-Z, American rapper, producer, actor, and co-founder of Roc-A-Fella Records
• 1973 (53 years ago) Tyra Banks, American model, actress, and producer
• 1996 (30 years ago) Diogo Jota, Portuguese footballer (died 2025)

Deaths

• 749 (1277 years ago) John of Damascus, Syrian priest and saint (born 676)
• 1131 (895 years ago) Omar Khayyám, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (born 1048)
• 1334 (692 years ago) Pope John XXII,
• 1642 (384 years ago) Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal and politician, Chief Minister to the French Monarch (born 1585)
• 1679 (347 years ago) Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and theorist (born 1588)
• 1798 (228 years ago) Luigi Galvani, Italian physician, physicist, and philosopher (born 1737)
• 1975 (51 years ago) Hannah Arendt, German-American historian, theorist, and academic (born 1906)
• 1993 (33 years ago) Frank Zappa, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1940)

All 365 events, births and deaths of December 4