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Events

• 1584 (442 years ago) The Maronite College is established in Rome.
• 1807 (219 years ago) In Buenos Aires the local militias repel the British soldiers within the Second English Invasion.
• 1945 (81 years ago) The United Kingdom holds its first general election in 10 years, which would be won by Clement Attlee's Labour Party.
• 1950 (76 years ago) The Knesset of Israel passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to the Land of Israel.
• 1950 (76 years ago) Korean War: Task Force Smith: American and North Korean forces first clash, in the Battle of Osan.
• 1962 (64 years ago) The official independence of Algeria is proclaimed after an eight-year-long war with France.
• 1995 (31 years ago) Armenia adopts its constitution, four years after its independence from the Soviet Union.
• 2006 (20 years ago) North Korea tests four short-range missiles, one medium-range missile and a long-range Taepodong-2. The long-range Taepodong-2 reportedly fails in mid-air over the Sea of Japan.

Births

• 1810 (216 years ago) P. T. Barnum, American businessman, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (died 1891)
• 1853 (173 years ago) Cecil Rhodes, English-South African businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (died 1902)
• 1857 (169 years ago) Clara Zetkin, German theorist and activist (died 1933)
• 1889 (137 years ago) Jean Cocteau, French novelist, poet, and playwright (died 1963)
• 1891 (135 years ago) John Howard Northrop, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1987)
• 1911 (115 years ago) Georges Pompidou, French banker and politician, 19th President of France (died 1974)
• 1946 (80 years ago) Gerard 't Hooft, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1975 (51 years ago) Hernán Crespo, Argentinian footballer and coach

Deaths

• 1826 (200 years ago) Stamford Raffles, English politician, founded Singapore (born 1782)
• 1833 (193 years ago) Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor, created the first known photograph (born 1765)
• 1927 (99 years ago) Albrecht Kossel, German physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1853)
• 1948 (78 years ago) Georges Bernanos, French soldier and author (born 1888)
• 1966 (60 years ago) George de Hevesy, Hungarian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1885)
• 1969 (57 years ago) Walter Gropius, German architect, designed the John F. Kennedy Federal Building and Werkbund Exhibition (born 1883)
• 2015 (11 years ago) Yoichiro Nambu, Japanese-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1921)
• 2024 (2 years ago) Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1934)

All 393 events, births and deaths of July 5