3 Bahman 1403 | Wednesday 22 January 2025

This day in four calendars

1506 (520 years ago) The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican.
1863 (163 years ago) The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.
1946 (80 years ago) In Iran, Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at Chahar Cheragh Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad; he becomes the new president and Haji Baba Sheikh becomes the prime minister.
1957 (69 years ago) Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula.
1973 (53 years ago) A chartered Boeing 707 explodes in flames upon landing at Kano Airport, Nigeria, killing 176.
1987 (39 years ago) Philippine security forces open fire on a crowd of 10,000–15,000 demonstrators at Malacañang Palace, Manila, killing 13.
1995 (31 years ago) Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Beit Lid suicide bombing: In central Israel, near Netanya, two Gazans blow themselves up at a military transit point, killing 19 Israeli soldiers.
2009 (17 years ago) U.S. President Barack Obama signs an executive order to close the Guantanamo Bay detention camp; congressional opposition will prevent it being implemented.

1561 (465 years ago) Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (died 1626)
1729 (297 years ago) Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German philosopher and author (died 1781)
1788 (238 years ago) Lord Byron, English poet and playwright (died 1824)
1849 (177 years ago) August Strindberg, Swedish novelist, poet, and playwright (died 1912)
1891 (135 years ago) Antonio Gramsci, Italian philosopher and politician (died 1937)
1898 (128 years ago) Sergei Eisenstein, Russian director and screenwriter (died 1948)
1908 (118 years ago) Lev Landau, Azerbaijani-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1968)
1909 (117 years ago) U Thant, Burmese educator and diplomat, 3rd United Nations Secretary-General (died 1974)

1666 (360 years ago) Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor (born 1592)
1901 (125 years ago) Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom,
1922 (104 years ago) Pope Benedict XV,
1922 (104 years ago) Fredrik Bajer, Danish educator and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1837)
1973 (53 years ago) Lyndon B. Johnson, American lieutenant and politician, 36th President of the United States (born 1908)
1993 (33 years ago) Kōbō Abe, Japanese playwright and photographer (born 1924)
2008 (18 years ago) Heath Ledger, Australian actor and director (born 1979)
2018 (8 years ago) Ursula K. Le Guin, American sci-fi and fantasy novelist (born 1929)