20 Tir 1401

Events

• 1410 (616 years ago) Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Ottoman capital, Edirne.
• 1893 (133 years ago) A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
• 1921 (105 years ago) The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
• 1940 (86 years ago) World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of the French State.
• 1950 (76 years ago) Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
• 1960 (66 years ago) Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• 1960 (66 years ago) France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso) and Niger.
• 1973 (53 years ago) Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking in airplane lavatories.

Births

• 1274 (752 years ago) Robert the Bruce, Scottish king (died 1329)
• 1767 (259 years ago) John Quincy Adams, American lawyer and politician, 6th President of the United States (died 1848)
• 1834 (192 years ago) James McNeill Whistler, American-English painter and illustrator (died 1903)
• 1916 (110 years ago) Alexander Prokhorov, Australian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2002)
• 1920 (106 years ago) Yul Brynner, Russian-American actor and dancer (died 1985)
• 1934 (92 years ago) Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company (died 2025)
• 1967 (59 years ago) Jhumpa Lahiri, Indian American novelist and short story writer
• 1990 (36 years ago) Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player

Deaths

• 969 (1057 years ago) Olga of Kiev,
• 1593 (433 years ago) Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (born 1527)
• 1905 (121 years ago) Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (born 1849)
• 1937 (89 years ago) George Gershwin, American pianist, songwriter, and composer (born 1898)
• 1974 (52 years ago) Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet Nobel Prize laureate (born 1891)
• 1989 (37 years ago) Laurence Olivier, English actor, director, and producer (born 1907)
• 2023 (3 years ago) Milan Kundera, Czech-French writer (born 1929)
• 2024 (2 years ago) Shelley Duvall, American actress (born 1949)

All 367 events, births and deaths of July 11