12 Khordad 1401

Events

• 1941 (85 years ago) World War II: German paratroopers murder Greek civilians in the villages of Kondomari and Alikianos.
• 1946 (80 years ago) Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum, King Umberto II of Italy is exiled.
• 1962 (64 years ago) During the FIFA World Cup, police intervene multiple times in fights between Chilean and Italian players in one of the most violent games in football history.
• 1966 (60 years ago) Surveyor program: Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon, becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to soft-land on another world.
• 1967 (59 years ago) Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran are brutally suppressed, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group 2 June Movement.
• 2003 (23 years ago) Europe launches its first voyage to another planet, Mars. The European Space Agency's Mars Express probe launches from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.
• 2022 (4 years ago) Following a request from Ankara, the United Nations officially changes the name of the Republic of Turkey in the organization from what was previously known as "Turkey" to "Türkiye".
• 2023 (3 years ago) A collision between two passenger trains and a parked freight train near the city of Balasor, Odisha in eastern India, results in 296 deaths and more than 1,200 people injured.

Births

• 1535 (491 years ago) Pope Leo XI,
• 1740 (286 years ago) Marquis de Sade, French philosopher and politician (died 1814)
• 1835 (191 years ago) Pope Pius X,
• 1840 (186 years ago) Thomas Hardy, English novelist and poet (died 1928)
• 1857 (169 years ago) Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1919)
• 1857 (169 years ago) Edward Elgar, English composer and educator (died 1934)
• 1940 (86 years ago) Constantine II of Greece,
• 1988 (38 years ago) Sergio Agüero, Argentine footballer

Deaths

• 657 (1369 years ago) Pope Eugene I,
• 1701 (325 years ago) Madeleine de Scudéry, French author (born 1607)
• 1882 (144 years ago) Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician (born 1807)
• 1970 (56 years ago) Giuseppe Ungaretti, Italian soldier, journalist, and academic (born 1888)
• 1978 (48 years ago) Santiago Bernabéu Yeste, Spanish footballer and coach (born 1895)
• 1988 (38 years ago) Raj Kapoor, Indian actor, director, and producer (born 1924)
• 1990 (36 years ago) Rex Harrison, English actor (born 1908)
• 2015 (11 years ago) Irwin Rose, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926)

All 361 events, births and deaths of June 2