19 Mehr 1398

Events

• 1138 (888 years ago) A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
• 1311 (715 years ago) The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311.
• 1840 (186 years ago) The Maronite leader Bashir Shihab II surrenders to the Ottoman Empire and later is sent to Malta in exile.
• 1862 (164 years ago) American Civil War: Confederate troops conduct a raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
• 1942 (84 years ago) World War II: Off Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese force.
• 1962 (64 years ago) The Second Vatican Council becomes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
• 1976 (50 years ago) George Washington is posthumously promoted to the grade of General of the Armies.
• 1986 (40 years ago) Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Iceland to continue discussions about scaling back IRBM arsenals in Europe.

Births

• 1758 (268 years ago) Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers, German physician and astronomer (died 1840)
• 1884 (142 years ago) Eleanor Roosevelt, American humanitarian and politician, 32nd First Lady of the United States (died 1962)
• 1884 (142 years ago) Friedrich Bergius, German-Argentinian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1949)
• 1885 (141 years ago) François Mauriac, French novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1970)
• 1896 (130 years ago) Roman Jakobson, Russian-American linguist and theorist (died 1982)
• 1937 (89 years ago) Bobby Charlton, English footballer and manager (died 2023)
• 1942 (84 years ago) Amitabh Bachchan, Indian film actor, producer, television host, and former politician
• 1992 (34 years ago) Cardi B, American rapper

Deaths

• 1303 (723 years ago) Pope Boniface VIII,
• 1531 (495 years ago) Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss pastor and theologian (born 1484)
• 1889 (137 years ago) James Prescott Joule, English physicist and brewer (born 1818)
• 1896 (130 years ago) Anton Bruckner, Austrian organist, composer, and educator (born 1824)
• 1963 (63 years ago) Jean Cocteau, French author, poet, and playwright (born 1889)
• 2019 (7 years ago) Alexei Leonov, Soviet/Russian cosmonaut and first human to conduct a spacewalk (born 1934)
• 2022 (4 years ago) Angela Lansbury, English-American actress, singer, and producer (born 1925)
• 2025 (a year ago) Diane Keaton, American actress (born 1946)

All 371 events, births and deaths of October 11