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Events

• 1099 (927 years ago) First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
• 1149 (877 years ago) The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.
• 1240 (786 years ago) Swedish–Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.
• 1799 (227 years ago) The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
• 1838 (188 years ago) Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.
• 1946 (80 years ago) The State of North Borneo, now Sabah, Malaysia, is annexed by the United Kingdom.
• 1983 (43 years ago) An attack at Orly Airport in Paris is launched by Armenian militant organisation ASALA, leaving eight people dead and 55 injured.
• 2002 (24 years ago) The Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan sentences British-born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh to death, and three others suspected of murdering The Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl to life.

Births

• 1606 (420 years ago) Rembrandt, Dutch painter and etcher (died 1669)
• 1848 (178 years ago) Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (died 1923)
• 1858 (168 years ago) Emmeline Pankhurst, English political activist and suffragist (died 1928)
• 1892 (134 years ago) Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and critic (died 1940)
• 1930 (96 years ago) Jacques Derrida, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (died 2004)
• 1946 (80 years ago) Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei
• 1961 (65 years ago) Forest Whitaker, American actor
• 1976 (50 years ago) Diane Kruger, German actress and model

Deaths

• 1015 (1011 years ago) Vladimir the Great, Grand prince of Kievan Rus' (born c. 958)
• 1274 (752 years ago) Bonaventure, Italian bishop and saint (born 1221)
• 1291 (735 years ago) Rudolf I of Germany,
• 1890 (136 years ago) Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet and playwright (born 1819)
• 1904 (122 years ago) Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer (born 1860)
• 1919 (107 years ago) Emil Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)
• 1929 (97 years ago) Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (born 1874)
• 2017 (9 years ago) Martin Landau, American film and television actor (born 1928)

All 430 events, births and deaths of July 15