7 Mordad 1394 | Wednesday 29 July 2015

This day in four calendars

1014 (1012 years ago) Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, and his subsequent treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of a heart attack less than three months later, on October 6.
1775 (251 years ago) Founding of the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corps: General George Washington appoints William Tudor as Judge Advocate of the Continental Army.
1901 (125 years ago) Land lottery begins in Oklahoma.
1921 (105 years ago) Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
1965 (61 years ago) Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay.
1981 (45 years ago) After impeachment on June 21, Abolhassan Banisadr flees with Massoud Rajavi to Paris, in an Iranian Air Force Boeing 707, piloted by Colonel Behzad Moezzi, to form the National Council of Resistance of Iran.
1981 (45 years ago) A worldwide television audience of around 750 million people watch the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer at St Paul's Cathedral in London.
2024 (2 years ago) Three children are stabbed to death and 10 other people injured at a dance studio in Southport, England. This incident, coupled with widespread online misinformation, leads to various racially motivated riots across the UK.

1805 (221 years ago) Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian and philosopher (died 1859)
1817 (209 years ago) Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter and illustrator (died 1900)
1883 (143 years ago) Benito Mussolini, Italian fascist revolutionary and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Italy (died 1945)
1898 (128 years ago) Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (died 1988)
1900 (126 years ago) Eyvind Johnson, Swedish novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (died 1976)
1905 (121 years ago) Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish economist and diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations, Nobel Prize Laureate (died 1961)
1927 (99 years ago) Harry Mulisch, Dutch author, poet, and playwright (died 2010)
1981 (45 years ago) Fernando Alonso, Spanish race car driver

1099 (927 years ago) Pope Urban II,
1644 (382 years ago) Pope Urban VIII,
1856 (170 years ago) Robert Schumann, German composer and critic (born 1810)
1890 (136 years ago) Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1853)
1900 (126 years ago) Umberto I of Italy,
1979 (47 years ago) Herbert Marcuse, German sociologist and philosopher (born 1898)
1983 (43 years ago) Luis Buñuel, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1900)
1994 (32 years ago) Dorothy Hodgkin, Egyptian-English biochemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910)