8 Shahrivar 1382 | Saturday 30 August 2003

This day in four calendars

1721 (305 years ago) The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia ends in the Treaty of Nystad.
1896 (130 years ago) Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.
1916 (110 years ago) Ernest Shackleton completes the rescue of all of his men stranded on Elephant Island in Antarctica.
1917 (109 years ago) Vietnamese prison guards led by Trịnh Văn Cấn mutiny at the Thái Nguyên penitentiary against local French authority.
1940 (86 years ago) The Second Vienna Award reassigns the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
1983 (43 years ago) Aeroflot Flight 5463 crashes into Dolan Mountain while approaching Almaty International Airport in present-day Kazakhstan, killing all 90 people on board.
1991 (35 years ago) Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union.
1998 (28 years ago) Second Congo War: Armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and their Angolan and Zimbabwean allies recapture Matadi and the Inga dams in the western DRC from RCD and Rwandan troops.

1748 (278 years ago) Jacques-Louis David, French painter and illustrator (died 1825)
1797 (229 years ago) Mary Shelley, English novelist and playwright (died 1851)
1852 (174 years ago) Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1911)
1871 (155 years ago) Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand-English physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1937)
1930 (96 years ago) Warren Buffett, American businessman and philanthropist
1954 (72 years ago) Alexander Lukashenko, Belarusian marshal and politician, 1st President of Belarus
1958 (68 years ago) Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist and activist (died 2006)
1972 (54 years ago) Cameron Diaz, American model, actress, and producer

1181 (845 years ago) Pope Alexander III,
1928 (98 years ago) Wilhelm Wien, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1864)
1935 (91 years ago) Henri Barbusse, French journalist and author (born 1873)
1940 (86 years ago) J. J. Thomson, English physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1856)
2003 (23 years ago) Charles Bronson, American actor and soldier (born 1921)
2006 (20 years ago) Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911)
2013 (13 years ago) Seamus Heaney, Irish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1939)
2022 (4 years ago) Mikhail Gorbachev, 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union (born 1931)